The Universe about as "overseas" as anything can get. Literally over any and all seas on earth.
Why Returning From Mars Is Impossible: Feynman's Warning
Richard Feynman - born 1918, died 1988
Fenynman in black & white looks to be about 40 in the movie, so we're looking a something from the 1950s. An IQ of 125. Not the genius 140+ but certainly enough to be a professor of physics.
Starts by speaking about the difference between dust on earth and dust on Mars, each created by different processes. Dust on Mars created entirely by collisions. Martian dust of sharp edges as fine as one molecule thick without water erosion, supporting electrostatic charge. Sticks to anything. Dust harder than steel penitrating mechanical equipment, destroying bearings of moving parts.
Without significant atmosphere nor a magnetic field, the flux of protons from the sun destroys human body cells.
In the 38% gravity of Mars, human physiology would grossly change. Heart muscle would shrink. Bones would become porous.
AI Overview:
The Sun is slated to become a Red Giant and is expected to expand enough to engulf the orbit of Venus. This event is predicted to happen in approximately 5 billion years, when the Sun exhausts its hydrogen fuel and begins to burn helium, causing its outer layers to expand significantly.
Key points regarding the Sun's evolution and its effect on Venus:
Timeline: The Sun is currently about 4.6 billion years old (middle-aged) and will begin its transformation into a Red Giant in about 5 billion years.
Impact on Venus: The Sun will balloon into a Red Giant, with its radius expanding up to ~200 times its present size. Mercury and Venus will almost certainly be engulfed (swallowed) and disintegrated as the Sun expands to approximately 1 Astronomical Unit (AU)—the current distance of Earth from the Sun.
Atmosphere Loss: Before being fully engulfed, Venus will be subjected to intense heat, causing its atmosphere to boil off and its surface to become a global magma ocean.
Fate of Inner Planets: Venus will definitely be destroyed, while the fate of Earth is still debated by scientists—it may either be engulfed or be consumed by the intense heat, even if it survives the physical swallowing.
Following the Red Giant phase, which lasts for roughly a billion years, the Sun will shed its outer layers to form a planetary nebula, leaving behind a white dwarf.
The so called planetary nebula won't condense into planets. Humanity enjoys about 5 billion years to think about how to move to and successfully live on Mars.
While countermeasures have significantly improved astronaut health, they do not fully eliminate the physiological changes. For instance, bone loss still occurs at a rate of 1–1.5% per month in weight-bearing bones despite exercise, and cardiovascular deconditioning remains a challenge upon return. Continued research is essential for longer missions, such as to Mars.
Me:
In the meanwhile everything needs to done with robotics and fusion technology. Mars regolith 40% rich in oxygen bearing surface rocks and dust. To attain the equivalent 21% oxygen atmosphere of earth 6.4 x 10¹⁴ tonnes of Martian regolith, the entire top few metres of the Martian crust, itself about 50 kilometres thick, would have to be processed. No tectonic activity hints limited core convection and therefore no magnetic field to protect from solar proton flux and part of the same circumstance allowing the early Martian atmosphere to be lost into space.
The science fiction movies perhaps offer a better solution to human survival. Live in space ships travelling and exploring with the fusion technology. But still a lack of gravity.
The Universe created itself from an explosion of a mass the size of the Universe. A positive cosmological constant suggests a Universe eventually collapsing after 33 billion years into a singularity. An incredible pressure where the force of gravity reverses.
The same reversal creating the explosion or "big bang" 14 billion years ago creating the Universe we know today. A reversal of the gravitational field suggests an anti-gravity technology to be had and limitless space flight at hyper speeds. While we still must observe the speed limit, the speed of light, we experience dilation both of time and dimension. A foreshortening, essentially becoming a propagating wave. For travel importantly the experience of time duration. The experience of time lapse essentially drops to zero at the speed of light. In the extreme, one generation could witness any part of the evolution of the Universe. At lesser speeds a trip to a star system with planets could essentially experience just weeks of travel. A return trip would find the world you knew much evolved.
